經濟復蘇路漫漫,鮑威爾還是沒表態
關鍵字:經濟復蘇路漫漫
3月4日,美債收益率持續高位運行,繼續打壓黃金等避險資產的魅力,而美國就業市場只改善了一點,沒有跡象表明物價即將上漲,同時美聯儲維持低利率的承諾也不會輕易改變,目前市場認為鮑威爾並沒有給出明確的應對政策。
美聯儲週三公佈的最新一期褐皮書顯示,美國經濟在今年前幾周繼續以溫和的步伐復蘇,企業對未來幾個月持樂觀態度,住房需求“強勁”,但就業市場僅緩慢改善。
但美聯儲在報告中稱,就業市場的增長勢頭沒有預期那麼強勁,“多數地區報告稱,就業水準在報告期內有所上升,不過速度緩慢。”這一結果令聯儲官員感到失望。他們原本希望支持經濟復蘇的努力能夠帶來更快的就業增長。目前就業市場仍比2020年新冠疫情開始之前少了約1000萬個就業崗位。
雖然收益率上漲可能增加企業和個人的借貸成本,但最近的趨勢反映出經濟前景好轉,這可能是美聯儲的政策在發揮作用的證據。隨著美債無序拋售至少在目前看來已結束,美元隨後重新站穩腳跟。
現在人們越來越感覺到,疫情帶來的風險將消退,經濟開始出現強勁增長。疫苗接種計畫擴大以及可能推出的1.9萬億美元聯邦支出方案,提振了經濟前景,令市場猜測美聯儲可能不得不比預期更早地縮減對經濟的支持。
勞動力市場問題的部分根源似乎還在於勞動力短缺。長達一年的新冠疫情讓一些工人呆在家裏,他們害怕接受或返回可能會使他們暴露於新冠病毒的工作。目前,大約15%的美國人口已經接種了至少一劑新冠病毒疫苗,然而每天仍有大約50000例新增冠狀病毒確診病例,證明新冠病毒仍在傳播。
投資人特別關心的是,美聯儲是否會處理短債收益率接近零、而長債收益率急升的局面。如果經濟和金融環境惡化,不排除美聯儲可能再次實施扭轉操作。美聯儲最早在1960年代初採取過賣短買長的扭轉操作(twist operation)策略,當時聯儲賣出期限較短的債券並買入期限較長的債券,以幫助美國經濟走出衰退。2011年美聯儲再次出手,當時美聯儲已經通過將利率維持在零來錨定短債利率,並通過購買資產來降低長債利率。
本文來源: 大田環球貴金屬
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