林幽沃:阿根廷比索暴跌再创新低
在进入5月以来,阿根廷比索累计跌幅已经超过15%,阿根廷央行在10天内加息三次,7天逆回购利率从32.5%上调至40%缺未能阻止比索的下跌。在5月14日周一,阿根廷比索兑美元狂泻超过7%,再创纪录低位。
阿根廷是南美洲国家联盟、20国集团成员和拉美第三大经济体,阿根廷也是世界粮食和肉类的主要生产和出口国。作为世界上综合国力较强的发展中国家之一,为何会出现货币危机?
其原因主要是因为以下三点:
1,美国10年期国债在进入5月以来正式站上3%水平线,推高了阿根廷持有的大量美元债务偿还成本,造成比索主要下跌的原因。
2,在美联储进入加息周期后,阿根廷失去了对外资的吸引力,大量的外资开始撤离。而对于非常依赖外资的阿根廷来说无疑是一个重大的打击。
3,阿根廷在经历债务危机后没有进行经济结构调整,经济增长过度依赖农产品等初级出口。随着美元的升值,以美元计价的商品开始下跌,导致阿根廷收入遭受打击。
大田环球贵金属林幽沃认为,阿根廷本次引发货币危机主要是因为美元的走强,导致外资的撤离而引发比索兑美元的崩溃。但根本原因在于,阿根廷本国经济结构单一,仅仅通过提高利率不足而留住外资对其的发展前景抱有希望,最终导致对美元的强势毫无抵抗能力。
强势美元对发展中国家的影响
无论是在4月俄罗斯的股汇双杀,还是5月阿根廷比索的暴跌,起主要原因都是因为美债收益率的上升。美债收益率的上升不仅会推高债务的偿还成本,也会吸引资金的外流,这对于发展中国家来说无疑是双重打击。
中国央行持有美债正是应对该情况的风险管理手段,在持有大量美国国债情况下,能够相对地与美国政府和美联储进行绑定。所以此前有美国官员在公开场合发表申明,中国抛售美国国债的代价将会非常巨大。
终语:
在美联储每一轮加息周期之中,强势美元都会对发展中国家进行掠夺。对外资过分依赖的阿根廷成为这一轮的猎物,在美债初步站上3%的收益率的情况下只是一个开端,随着美债收益率的不断上升,新兴国家市场会承受越来越大的外资逃离压力。美元的强势将会持续压制大宗商品与非美货币。
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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