黄金可能被高估,空头再次趁机出手
黄金和美元此前市场的大部分规律是呈现反向走势,然而在2018年初至今却出现了同时上涨的迹象,这是由于隐含通胀预期所导致的,现在来看黄金价格的下跌是对此前过高预期的修正。
在2018年以前的大部分时间,黄金价格和美债收益率都各自在相反的对标轨道中运行,这一点即使是在2016年上半年负利率的大背景下,也被证明是正确的。黄金作为“间接升息”的资产的确出现了一波明显上涨,但随即而来的紧缩货币政策也使得其应声下跌。
然而,最近这半年来,这一局势似乎出现了逆转。近期,最热议的话题当属美债收益率持续攀升,非美资产(包括黄金、其它各国货币)都出现了重挫。但当我们把眼光拉长,着眼于黄金和美债周线走势图对比的时候,却惊奇地发现他们同时出现了上涨,而且这一现象已经持续了有近半年。
首先,对于黄金先要有一个定义,黄金是一种接近货币的特殊商品。既然是商品,那传统的供求关系肯定会影响其价格,另外只要在市场流动性充足的情况下,通胀与大宗商品的价格上涨最为紧密,而美国债券市场作为全球最大的美元资产的配置领域,其中的长短期债券的利率对于通胀具有前瞻性的意义。
市场对于通胀保持谨慎态度,甚至美联储自己也这么认为。从此前的利率决议声明中,删除了此前3月“美国经济强劲”的措词,显示其经济信心有所回落,对于通胀也保持一个中立的态度,符合市场定价。
除了市场的信心不足,造成这一现象的主要原因是汇率隐含的利率变动和债券市场的利差变动出现背离。但与此同时,黄金市场的隐含通胀预期的下降幅度有限。下图为通胀保值债券和黄金的隐含波动率对比。
黄金和债券市场这种由于隐含通胀预期不同导致定价出现的暂时性偏差,将会被修复。有两种情况,一是市场对于长期通胀的预期过低,黄金价格被低估,黄金市场的定价是正确的;二是市场尽管短期美联储加息节奏使得短期通胀有所上升,但长期通胀仍值得堪忧,黄金的价格被过高预估,债券市场的定价才是正确的。现在来看,很明显在往第二种情况的预期方向走,若最终结论成立,则料黄金还有更大的跌幅,是一个纠错的过程。
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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