美联储定错目标,通胀持续走低
尽管当前市场的焦点在朝鲜问题,但另一个市场的主要矛盾投资者仍然不能忽视,那就是美联储的利率前景的变动,而当前影响利率前景变动的最主要的因素则是美国的通胀前景。美联储对通胀的战斗将在今年接下来的时间中影响市场普遍关注的,黄金、美元、股票以及债券的走势。
当前美国经济的问题是,美国通货膨胀正在下降,这是美联储最为担心的因素。美联储主席耶伦认为,通胀的下降是暂时的。如果经济真的如耶伦的观点,通胀是暂时下滑,那么美联储将继续在12月提升利率,之后在2018年将再度升息三次。
对于金融市场来说,耶伦的观点是很难让市场信服的。毕竟对美联储年内再度升息一次的概率只有50%左右,甚至在2018年美联储再度升息都让市场产生疑惑。不过,美联储官员们似乎对升息都比较乐观,在美联储公布的点阵图中,美联储的官员们预计到2020年利率将不断攀升。
我们再来看一看当前美国实际的通胀背景情况,美国通货膨胀在去年底到年初几个月缓慢回升,接近美联储2%的通胀目标。就在美联储乐观的认为将赢得通货膨胀保卫战的时候,最近几个月美国的通胀竟然不断回落。
美联储主席耶伦在七月的证词中指出,“由于通货膨胀持续低于委员会2%的长期目标,FOMC打算仔细监测通胀的进展,以达到通胀目标。”然而从耶伦七月证词的整体基调上来看,耶伦依然对通胀上升保持信心。
从历史上看,20世纪90年代美国经济表现良好,而当时的核心PCE指数平均只有1.7%,而年度平均通货膨胀率也是低于2%的。或许美联储也会意识到这一点,他们在通胀低于2%的目标的时候,仍然会在今年12月选择升息。
但是投资者更加关注的是通胀运行的趋势,明年的通胀又该如何表现,通胀还会持续低迷吗?如果真的是这样,哪怕美联储把通胀目标定的很低,美联储的升息步伐必然会放缓。
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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