国际黄金储备介绍
关键字：国际黄金储备
国际黄金储备(gold reserve) 指一国货币当局持有的，用以平衡国际收支，维持或影响汇率水平，作为金融资产持有的黄金。它在稳定国民经济、抑制通货膨胀、提高国际资信等方面有着特殊作用。国际黄金储备的管理意义在于实现国际黄金储备最大可能的流动性和收益性。作为国际储备的主要形式之一，国际黄金储备在流动性上有其自身存在局限性，因此应考虑其适度规模的问题。
对国际黄金储备概念的表述主要有如下两种：
一种是把国际黄金储备看作是一种货币性黄金，即一国货币当局作为金融资产所持有的黄金；另一种看法是指各国中央银行及其他官方机构为应付国际收支上的需要所持有的黄金总额。这两种表述方式的共同点在于都把黄金看作为一种金融资产，可见非金融用途的黄金不在国际黄金储备范围之内。
从概念的外延来看，前者所指国际黄金储备似乎包含的内容很广，而后者仅是指一 国的中央银行及官方所持有的黄金，而且其目的性十分明确，即是“为应付国际收支上的需要”所持有的黄金。
可是，作为金融资产的黄金并不一定都是国际黄金储备，因为作为金融资产的黄金，其形式是多种多样的，其用途也是多方面的，如一些国家的银行把黄金作为一种信贷资产同其他信贷工具以运用；有的则把黄金作为货币形式的投资手段，以商品形式来实现利润的最大化。这种形式的黄金，尽管它是属于金融资产，但不应列为国际黄金储备范围之内。因此，只有那些由一国中央银行控制的，为了平衡国际收支，在一定程度上可以维持或影响汇率水平，相对稳定的作为金融后备资产的黄金才是真正的国际黄金储备。
本文来源： 大田环球贵金属
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