国际原材料看俏 因成本与需求加大
关键字:原材料价格、供给与需求
人称“新末日博士”的纽约大学经济学教授鲁比尼(Nouriel Roubini)宣称原物料超级循环可能已经告终,高盛(Goldman Sachs Group Inc.)、花旗(Citigroup Inc.)也纷纷以过去两年原料产出跳增、中国大陆成长趋缓为由持相同的看法,但果真如此吗?知名管理顾问公司麦肯锡(McKinsey & Company)提出了不同观点,认为以原物料供应吃紧、新兴市场的需求来看,要说超级循环已死可能还嫌太早。
彭博社25日报导,麦肯锡在报告中指出,生产商现在必须深入更偏远的区域采掘原料,还需要更为精密的技术来提炼,才能应付日益庞大的需求。举例来说,海底油田就需要更为复杂的设备来采集,而许多矿场也都位于政治不稳定的区域。也就是说,虽然原物料并无立即性的短缺情况,但由于厂商的边际成本普遍上升,因此价格迟迟无法压低。
麦肯锡并指出,原物料愈来愈无法跟着需求迅速作出调整,这是因为取得原料的途径已日益难行且昂贵。根据数据,在经过通膨调整后,新油井的平均启动成本在过去10年来大增了1倍之多,而金属矿场现在则需花最多20年的时间才能开发出来,远多于80-90年代的6-10年。页岩气则是例外,其开采成本已因“水力压裂(hydraulic fracturing)”开采技术减低。
麦肯锡全球研究所(McKinsey Global Institute)资深研究员Fraser Thompson在接受电话专访时并表示,中国大陆成长虽然趋缓,但仍无法纾解原物料的供给压力,这是因为中国大陆的经济规模非常庞大,其使用的原物料仍比过去几年还要多。另外,中国大陆、印度日益都市化也会增加原物料需求。
鲁比尼当时表示,利率上扬、美元走升意味着未来几年原物料价格与债券价格都将随着美国经济持续复苏而面临压力,预期明年大多数的原物料价格都可能下跌。
全球最大矿商必和必拓(BHP Billiton)董事长Jac Nasser 9月25日也在最新发表的年报中警告,最近供应量增加对许多原物料市场产生降价压力,短期内恐怕还会延续这个趋势。他说,虽然业界的投资活动降温,势必会使供需恢复平衡,但所有原物料业者仍必须加紧提高生产力,并努力适应更具挑战性的营运环境。
不过,长期来看,Nasser认为原物料前景仍旧看俏,主因亚洲等市场继续创造财富、城镇逐渐都市化会持续带动原物料需求。
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本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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