经济失速快于预期,通胀负增长
关键词:通胀负增长
10月29日,欧洲央行行长拉加德表示经济失速快于预期,通货膨胀将保持负增长,在消息公布后,欧元出现短线震荡,欧元对美元处于震荡下行状态。
拉加德成,欧洲央行将评估包括汇率在内的所有信息,酌情调整工具,以找到最佳组合。我们将灵活使用紧急抗疫购债计划(PEPP)。理事会同意在在12月会议上评估所有措施,以决定采取何种行动。
欧洲央行已经推出了规模空前的措施支撑欧元区经济,目前并不急于采取行动,其正在进行的债券购买计划可能会让市场直到明年很长一段时间内保持平静。决策者似乎也非常希望推动政府牵头行动。
这让欧洲央行行长拉加德面临压力,她一方面必须暗示欧洲央行致力于保持超宽松的融资环境,另一方面又不能过于抬高市场的期望值,以免在12月即便推出大规模刺激措施,仍会令市场感到失望。
问题在于经济指标显示前景迅速恶化,挑战欧洲央行认为经济将在2022年底前重回危机前水准的看法。欧元区表现最弱的西班牙,可能已经重回衰退;德国的经济动能似乎也是后继乏力。
欧盟前两大经济体——德国和法国——都已实施新的封锁措施。虽然新措施可能不像春季那么严格,但仍令人担心破产和失业激增的风险。在上半年疫情爆发伊始,各成员国采取的边境封锁措施扰乱了内部贸易。
为了让这些措施更容易接受,特别是对规模较小的企业来说,德国将向受到新措施打击的企业提供财政援助。根据一项新的100亿欧元(118.2亿美元)一揽子援助计划,员工人数不超过50人的企业将在11月获得相当于去年同期营收75%的援助。
欧盟执委会、欧洲议会及欧洲理事会周三通过一项新的执行法,以保障一些通常由WTO处理案件的利益。如果美国及其他贸易伙伴利用世界贸易组织(WTO)陷入瘫痪之际牟利,并拒绝化解贸易争端,则欧盟可能会采用惩罚性关税作为武器。
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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