美国制造业疲软,特朗普给美国带来伤痛
关键词:美国制造业疲软
1月15日,市场等待中美第一阶段的贸易协议签署,因该协议的影响已被市场消化,但全球形势还没有恢复到正常状态。同时美国总统特朗普挑起的贸易争端,也在一定程度上对美国净价造成巨大的损害,对美国制造业造成的伤害更为严重。
美国总统特朗普将和中国副总理刘鹤将于北京时间周四(1月16日)0:30在白宫签署贸易协议。这项协议将为持续18个月之久、损及全球经济成长的美中关税大战降温。
此前有消息称,根据中美达成的第一阶段经贸协议,中国未来两年将增加自美购买价值800亿美元的制造业产品,500亿美元的能源产品以及350亿美元的服务业产品。
但美国仍维持对2500亿美元中国工业品加征25%关税的做法。市场普遍认为,该协议的影响已经被消化,全球贸易形势距离恢复正常还很远,黄金价格回调节奏放慢。
特朗普挑起贸易争端的代价比之前认为的更广泛、更深远、更持久。美联储和其他顶级经济学家的研究表明,美国对中国工业零部件加征的关税,对美国制造业竞争力和就业造成的损害尤其严重。
制造业重要领先指标之一的铁路货运在2019年结束之际大幅放缓。伴随而来的是美国商品出口放缓,部分是受到对美国商品的报复性关税影响。
目前近三分之一的美国企业的进口中有大约46.5%需支付关税。这些企业聘用的员工占美国所有民间非农就业人口的32%。
以制造业就业情况来看,关税的进口保护效果,早就被投入成本升高与报复性关税等效应所抵销。关税导致制造业就业岗位流失的数量高于增加的数量,也是美联储2019年放松货币政策的重要考量因素。
目前美联储已经暂停本轮宽松周期,但即使特朗普因“第二阶段”协议而在未来几个月取消剩余的中国关税,美国出口回升可能会面临相当困难,美联储重新收紧货币政策也会存在不小的掣肘。
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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