什么是准备金率
关键词：什么是准备金率
准备金是商业银行库存的现金和按比例存放在中央银行的存款。准备金制度是为了确保商业银行在遇到突然大量提取银行存款时，有相当充足的清偿能力。而准备金占存款总额的比重，就称为准备金率。
一、准备金的分类
准备金分为两类，一类是为了保证客户提取存款和资金结算需要准备的在中央银行的存款，称为存款准备金；另一类是以现金形式保存自己业务库的存款。其中，存款准备金又细分为法定存款准备金和超额准备金。
二、法定存款准备金率
中央银行在国家法律授权中规定金融机构必须将自己吸纳的存款按照一定的比率存放于中央银行，这个比率就是法定存款准备金率。
法定存款准备金率是货币政策的工具之一，能有效控制或影响商业银行的信用扩张，保证货币的供求平衡，以平衡经济发展状况，它是国家调控经济的重要手段之一。
三、超额准备金率
商业银行在中央银行账户上的实际准备金超过法定准备金的部分称为超额准备金，超额准备金与存款总额的比例就是超额准备金率。
超额准备金一般包括借入准备金和非借入准备金。借入准备金是商业银行由于准备不足而向拥有超额准备金的银行借入的货币资金总额。非借入准备金又称为自有准备，是商业银行扣除借入准备后的部分。一般而言，超额准备越多，银行的放款能力越强。
本文来源： 大田环球贵金属
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