伦敦金的供给
关键字:伦敦金价格消息面、伦敦金的供给
1、金矿开采
1)全世界近几年每年金矿开采量约2500吨左右,每年产量变动平稳。
2)全球已探明未开采的黄金储量约7万吨,只可供开采25年。
3)南非,美国等主要产金国产量下降,勘探大型金矿可能小。
4)开采一大型金矿正常程序一般需要7-10年时间。
5)1980年后长期跌势中,开采投入支出不断减少。
对伦敦金价格的影响:金矿开采受本身行业特性限制,对价格的敏感度低,伦敦金价格的大幅上涨需要较长时间才能反映到产量增加。
2、央行售金
各国中央银行在市场上抛售黄金是黄金的供给来源之一。尽管各国央行储备黄金总量巨大,但除了CBGA签约国,其他央行每年售金量极少。CBGA售金量透明、有计划,成为黄金市场稳定的供应源。
1)央行持有黄金比例约为19%,欧洲央行一直抛售黄金。
2)《华盛顿协议》规定2004年9月起,5年内每年售金限500吨。
3)中国,日本等央行黄金储备比例仅约1%。
4)银行向央行拆借黄金,金商套期对冲。
对价格的影响:央行售金对现货黄金价格的影响最大最直接,是1980以后黄金价格大熊市一大原因。
3、再生金
再生金,黄金的还原重用,相比新产天然黄金增长的有限性和央行售金的政策性,再生金的供应更具有弹性。
再生金的供应量往往受金价和其它因素共同影响,其中对金价变动的预期对再生金供给意义重大,当人们预期金价仍会继续上涨时,即使金价已经处于相当高的位置,人们也不会立刻抛售再生金,而是希望在更好的价位抛售。而如果人们预期金价将会下跌,则会选择立即抛售。另一个影响因素是经济周期,在经济衰退的时候,再生金市场供求增加。这时,最先受到经济衰退影响,现金流出现问题的个人和机构会套现存有的、不能作为直接支付手段的黄金,形成再生金的供给。
1)变动平稳,有平抑金价波动之作用
2)2005年仅增加1.5%,为861吨
3)投资者对金价涨跌的预期对再生金的影响较大
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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