伦敦金的背景
关键字：伦敦金背景
在19世纪之前，伦敦金基本为帝王独占的财富和权势的象征，或为神灵拥有，成为供奉器具和修饰保护神灵形象的材料。而伦敦金价值高，产量稀少，运送成本高，铸造困难的特性，使得伦敦金的价格十分稳定，这决定了其具备充当货币功能的属性。1816年，英国颁布了(金本位制度法案)，开始实行“金本位制”，伦敦金开始转化为世界货币，可以自由铸造、自由兑换和自由输出入。直至世界大战爆发，物价飞涨打破了金本位制的施行环境，“金本位制”崩溃。
1944年5月，美国邀请参加筹建联合国的44国政府的代表在美国布雷顿森林举行会议，签定了“布雷顿森林协议”，建立了的人类第二个国际货币体系。在这一体系中美元与伦敦金挂钩，美国承担以官价兑换伦敦金的义务。然而好景不长，20世纪60年代美国深陷越南战争的泥潭，财政赤字巨大，美元开始贬值，各国纷纷抛售自己手中的美元，抢购伦敦金，使美国伦敦金储备急剧减少，伦敦金价暴涨, 布雷顿森林体系逐渐瓦解。
1973年，伦敦金迎来了它非货币功能的时代，美国总统尼克松宣布正式取消伦敦金双价制，这意味着国际货币体系中伦敦金非货币化的法律过程已经完成。
当然，伦敦金在实际的经济生活中并没有完全退出金融领域，当今的伦敦金分为商品性伦敦金和金融性伦敦金，国家放开伦敦金管制不仅使商品伦敦金市场得以发展，同时也促使金融伦敦金市场迅速地发展起来，伦敦金作为一种公认的金融资产开始活跃在投资领域。
本文来源： 大田环球贵金属
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