QE是什么意思
关键字:QE是什么意思
QE是什么?QE就是量化宽松政策,这里包含量化和宽松两个含义,量化是指扩大一定数量的基础货币供应量,宽松是指央行通过宏观政策调控,降低银行储备必须注资的压力,通俗地说,就是通过向银行以及流通市场注入一定数量的货币,并下调基准利率,主要是下调银行存贷款利率,同业借贷利率等,由此来有效刺激银行贷款业务、使更多资金流入市场,直接拉高了市场中的货币流通量,以此来达到振兴经济的目的。
在实施量化宽松政策(即QE)的时期,国家央行通过公开市场化操作,通过购买银行金融资产、国家长期债券等,这统称资产购买计划,通过这种方法,向市场投入基础货币供应,如美国联邦储备系统(简称美联储,相对于一国央行的地位)推行QE的过程中,每月都要购买一定数额的担保债券以及抵押支持证券等,以此来向市场投入同等规模大小的基础货币,如每月350亿美元规模的资产购买计划,意味着向市场注入流动性为350亿美元的基础货币,而这个购买规模是否真的能够完全流入市场,就要看其利用率有多高了。
实施qe的前提,是在该国执行下调基准利率至接近于零的环境下,这可以促使货币流动较为宽松,因下调基准利率以后,银行的存贷款利率必然下调,通俗地说,这时人们都不愿把钱放在银行,宁愿拿出来消费,因存款利息下调了,因此能拉动内需和鼓励黄金投资理财,促使经济回暖,另外贷款利率下调,则令企业融资成本降低,为企业的经营发展带来动力。宽松政策执行以后,我们可以看做量化是宽松政策的升级,通过直接向宽松货币环境下的市场注入流动性来拉动经济增长。
现在执行过QE的国家为美国,其一共执行过4次QE政策,由此可见2008年金融危机对美国经济构成的负面打压是有深远影响的,金融市场因此受到美国经济走弱的消极投资心态影响,避险资金为黄金价格带来了上行动能,同时美元走软也使以美元计价的现货黄金提高了购买吸引力,而随着美联储发出缩减QE规模的信号,这对金融市场形成了较大的冲击,对美元将会走强的预期,则体现在了去年黄金价格创下32年来的年度新低之中,同时对股债市场构成打压,因缩减QE规模则使美元大范围回流,同时减少了金融市场的资金投入。
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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