国际金本位制
关键字：金本位、金本位制
金本位制，指黄金可以作为国内支付手段，用于流通结算，也可以作为外贸结算的国际硬通货。传统的国际金本位制，以黄金作为货币体系的基础。
黄金作为货币的历史十分悠久，2,500年之前的波斯帝国已有铸造波斯金币，古罗马出土的亚历山大金币距今亦有2,300多年，至于中国最早发现的黄金货币则是春秋战国时代楚国所铸造的“郢爱”，距离现在也有2,300多年的历史。但上述这些金币虽然具有一定的接受性，但毕竟尚未形成广泛之运用。黄金真正成为一种世界公认国际性货币是在十九世纪出现的“金本位”时期。
环视全球，目前全球各国央行，特别是主要的已开发国家，均有高额的黄金储备。目前实物黄金价格节节高升，但各国央行却不动如山，即已明确说明了全球央行均对黄金作为“准货币”的实质价值具有相当深切之认识。除此之外，就连高举黄金非货币化大旗的国际货币基金（IMF），虽然近年已先后售黄金予中国及印度等新兴国家，但仍保留将近六分之五的黄金储备以备不时之需；而欧元体现即使在2010年上半年历经债信风暴之洗礼，但欧元区货币体系仍留存了15%的黄金储备作为其货币发行的最后一道防线。因此，正如凯因斯所说的：“黄金在我们制度中深具重要的作用。它作为最后的卫兵和紧急需要时的储备金，还没有任何其他的东西可以取代它。”
本文来源： 大田环球贵金属
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