大田金業讲故事:长春君子兰泡沫事件
荷兰有郁金香泡沫,中国也不能太落后。郁金香泡沫破灭300年后,中国又掀起了一浪君子兰泡沫。
1983年,吉林省长春市政府提出开发“窗台经济”,号召家家都要养3盆至5盆君子兰;其后,又扩大规模,鼓励有能力的企事业单位、集体与个人盖暖窖种植君子兰,并在当地开辟了几个大型君子兰交易市场,还扶持养兰户在全国各地开办苗木公司。1984年,长春市又将君子兰作为长春市市花。此后,君子兰在长春遍地开花,价格节节攀升,一盆几十元、几百元的君子兰花,几经哄抬价格能达到几万元一盆。
当时在长春、用君子兰换松下彩电、东芝电冰箱的事比比皆是,据说最贵的一盆卖到了60万元。1985年,长春的几处君子兰花市,顾客摩肩接踵,比其他市场要热闹得多。红旗街花市,最高峰时期曾占了红旗街、万宝街和清华路800~900米长的街道。在那些买主中很少有真正的“消费者”,人们常常大方地掏出大叠钞票,买下一盆君子兰,或是转卖,或是捧回家里培育繁殖,以求一本万利。在那些“激情燃烧”的日子里,长春人把君子兰捧上了天——它象征着富裕、象征着希望、象征着大把大把的钞票。
但突然在某天清晨,当阳光又洒到君子兰早市上时,人们全都目瞪口呆了:那些上万元一株的花变成了百十元,几千元的变成了十几元,过去几百元一棵的小苗子,只卖几毛钱,甚至是一毛钱一大把,比一串红、步步高等草花还便宜。如果你在前一个疯狂的漩涡里跳上了岸,你平步青云,一下子由穷鬼变成了富翁;而如今,在君子兰后一个疯狂的漩涡里,不少人转眼又失去了一切,成为名副其实的倒霉蛋。当初摩肩接踵的君子兰市场,有些变成了鱼市和菜市。
君子兰市场如此迅速地崩盘,原因也很简单:1985年6月1日,长春市政府发布了《关于君子兰市场管理的补充规定》,这个补充规定虽然依然提出继续发展君子兰产业,但是却补充了几个关键性的细节。仅此几个细节,就使得那奇高的价格受到抑制。这几条细节是:“机关、企业和事业单位不得用公款购买君子兰;各单位的领导干部养植君子兰只准观赏,不准出售;凡是用公款公物修建花窖的,一律按价付款;在职职工和共产党员,不得从事君子兰的倒买倒卖活动,对于屡教不改的要给予纪律处分,直至开除公职和党籍;同时进一步调整税改,仍然恢复加成加倍地征收税款的办法。”
原来君子兰价格畸形不是别的原因,是由于养兰大户的操纵,而支撑畸形市场的主力是公款消费。点燃君子兰之火的是政府,扑灭君子兰之火的依旧是政府。长春的君子兰交易,曾一度疯狂,曾引起了持枪、开车枪花窖的恶性治安案件。当君子兰事件惊动了政府高层的时候,一声令下,政府强力打压,最后君子兰泡沫“碎无声”。
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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