“可卡因银行”的终结
1991年，国际商业信贷银行（简称国商银行）因亏损严重、有讹诈行为和涉嫌参与犯法运动，被多国金融监管当局停止了在当地的业务，继而倒闭。
国商银行成立于1972年，在金融监管轻松的卢森堡和开曼群岛注册。该银行是一个银行控股公司，在全球69个国家和地区设立了子公司或分行，组成了一个复杂的跨国银行网络。1990年底，它名义上拥有42.4亿美元资本，240亿美元总资产，在世界大银行中排名第439位。
1988年，该行的美国佛罗里达分行涉嫌为贩毒集团洗钱，被法院罚款，该分行5名高级职员被判刑，该行信用因此被降低。此后，卢森堡政府请求该行总部撤出，该行决定于1991年底迁往英国。英格兰银行在例行调查时发现，该行1990年严重亏损，但没有向外颁布。经过进一步审查，英格兰银行发现事态严重，经与卢森堡和开曼群岛金融当局接触，三方一致批准暂停了该行的业务。不久，卢森堡当局对该行提起破产诉讼，该行最大股东阿拉伯联合酋长国阿布扎比王族公开表示愿意注资抢救，后因损失太大放弃了抢救举动。
1991年7月5日，英格兰银行发布公告，吸收了国商银行的英国业务，紧接着卢森堡、法国、美国、西班牙及瑞士等国的金融当局勒令该行在当地停业。几天后，该行在全球69个国家和地区的业务相继结束。10多个国家的金融监管当局联手暂停一家银行的业务，这在世界金融发展史上尚属首次。随后，各国金融当局对该行业务进行全面调查，决定彻底关闭该银行。
本文来源： 大田环球贵金属
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