取消捐款上限 美国金权民主的一大步
关键字：美国政治
美国最高法院近日对麦卡琛诉联邦选举委员会（FEC）案做出判决，废除了个人对多个选举候选人、政党和政治行动委员会捐款总量上限（即每两年选举周期内12.3万美元），但仍旧维持个人对每个候选人2600美元的捐款上限，及对每个党派委员会32400美元的上限。
这一裁决实际上取消了水门事件后实施的对个人给联邦候选人或政党捐款的一项重要约束，大幅地增加了主要捐赠者在联邦选举中的重要性。大金主和拥有富有的支持者的候选人毫无疑问将从这一裁决中受益，而美国民主为金钱操控的状况将更为制度化和表面化。
美国民主“金权化”上一次大的推进是最高法院2010年对公民联合会诉联邦选举委员会案的判决。该判决认定，关于竞选最后阶段限制各种企业或组织以营利或非营利的目的资助候选人的相关条款违宪；通过资助来播放批评其他候选人的竞选广告是合法的，但仍旧限制企业或组织对于候选人的直接金钱资助。这一判决推动了“超级政治行动委员会”（PAC）的兴起，它们只要不与政党和候选人协调，就可以筹集和花费不限金额的资金，从而对选举施加巨大的影响。
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本文来源： 大田环球贵金属
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