美联储威廉姆斯:低利率世界“可能会非常持久”
旧金山联储主席威廉姆斯认为,处于历史低位的利率水平将持续下去,使得富裕国家的中央银行更难防范和限制未来的经济衰退。
威廉姆斯在该行最新的经济研究信函中写道,美国和其他富裕国家长期经济增速的下降抑制了商业投资,并压抑了利率。他说,由于老龄化的人口和萎靡的生产率拖累经济增长,低利率世界“可能会非常持久”。这并不是说利率不能从当前水平加升。事实上,威廉姆斯在2月3日接受采访时表示,鉴于美国经济的表现,美联储下个月加息可能是有道理的。
在这封信函中,威廉姆斯着眼于长期强调均衡利率,即所谓的r-star,指的是在经济充分发挥潜能时,既不会推助也不会拖累经济增速的利率水平。威廉姆斯表示,中性利率的下降“对货币政策和金融稳定构成重大挑战。”
根据美联储发布的中心趋势预测,美联储官员们在去年底将长期中性利率预期下调至3%;2015年12月的预期为3.5%。
他说,这意味着在经济遭遇衰退的情况下,央行降息空间缩小,将会更加依赖非传统政策工具。他写道,“在低r-star世界,那些一度被称为‘非常’政策的东西,例如零利率或负利率、前瞻指引、资产负债表政策等,可能会变成常态。”
他还表示,金融稳定性风险也可能会更大,因为持续的低利率可能让银行更难赚钱,并可能鼓励投资者为了追求回报而承担更大的风险。
虽然美联储主席耶伦也说过,按照历史标准衡量,利率会保持较低水平,但她在上周的国会听证会上表示,随着时间推移,2008-09金融危机的一些后遗症消失,中性利率预计会有所升高。
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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