在期货中的升水和贴水是什么意思
关键词:在期货中升水和贴水是什么意思?
在期货市场上,我们会经常会听到升水或是贴水这两个名词,那么在期货中升水和贴水是什么意思?
一、什么是期货
期货市场与现货市场相对,现货指的是实实在在可触摸的货品,而期货并不是我们平时所见到的货品或是商品,它是以某种大宗产品如棉花、大豆、石油等及金融资产如股票、债券等为标的标准化可交易合约。所以,这个标的物可以是某种商品(例如黄金、原油、农产品),也可以是金融工具。所以无论投资者选择的是商品期货还是股指,都属于期货交易的范畴。
二、升水和贴水的含义
在期货市场中,我们表示远期汇率与即期汇率的差价是用升水、贴水和平价这三个名词。“升水”指的是远期汇率高于即期汇率;“贴水”指的是远期汇率低于即期汇率;“平价”指的是远期汇率等于即期汇率。一般情况下,利息率较高的货币远期汇率大多呈贴水,利息率较低的货币远期汇率大多呈升水。
(1)远期汇率:也称期汇汇率,是交易双方达成外汇买卖协议,约定在未来某一时间进行外汇实际交割所使用的汇率。 远期汇率到了交割日期,由协议双方按预订的汇率、金额进行交割。远期外汇买卖是一种预约性交易,是由于外汇购买者对外汇资金需在的时间不同,以及为了避免外汇风险而引进的。
(2)即期汇率:即是交易双方达成外汇买卖协议后,在两个工作日以内办理交割的汇率。这一汇率一般就是现时外汇市场的汇率水平。即期汇率是由当场交货时货币的供求关系情况决定的。一般在外汇市场上挂牌的汇率,除特别标明远期汇率以外,一般指即期汇率。
三、“升水”与“贴水”的相对含义
在期货市场中,我们用“基差”的概念来形容现货价格和期货价格之间差额。其实,“基差”是指某一特定商品在某一特定时间和地点的现货价格与该商品在期货市场的期货价格之差,即:基差=现货价格-期货价格。
若是现货的价格低于期货价格,则基差为负数,远期期货价格高于近期期货价格,这种情况称为“期货升水”或是“现货贴水;若是远期期货的价格低于近期期货的价格、现货的价格高于期货的价格,则基差为正数,这种情况称为“期货贴水”,或称“现货升水”。
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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