美联储越加息,金融状况越宽松?
自2015年12月美联储开启近十年来首次加息以来,美联储已加息5次,然而美国的金融状况却越来越宽松。
2017年5月,高盛是第一家敢于质问美联储是否失去对市场控制的投行。当时高盛首席经济学家Jan Hatzius表示,“尽管加息两次,美国的金融状况近几个月持续宽松。我们的金融状况指数目前比2016年11月均值低近50个基点,接近此前两年最宽松的水平。”几个月后,美联储第三次加息,高盛再次表示,金融状况进一步宽松。
国际清算银行在近期的季度报告中,对股市情况发出第N次警告,并提醒市场参与者上次金融状况在美联储加息后没有收紧反而放松之后发生了什么。国际清算银行首席经济学家Claudio Borio表示,“这是一个悖论。尽管美联储继续加息,整体金融状况反而更宽松。比如,这一状况的一个标准指标指向总体宽松。实际上,这一指标已触及24年低位。”
就连纽约联储主席杜德利也很困惑。他表示,“如今的金融状况比我们开始退出货币宽松政策时还要宽松”,意味着鲍威尔带领下的美联储意外加息的可能性很高。
然而,好消息是,随着金融状况处于2000年以来最“宽松”的水平,股票也从未如此之贵。下图为高盛金融状况指数(绿线)及标普500市销率(红线):
国际清算银行总结道,“如今的经历让人联想到21世纪第一个十年的‘谨慎步伐’。如果循序渐进安抚了市场参与者,让他们认为货币政策的收紧不会使经济偏离轨道,或扰乱资产市场,对货币政策的可预见性压低了风险溢价。这会助长高杠杆及冒风险。”
风险溢价,是一个人在面对不同风险的高低、且清楚高风险高报酬、低风险低报酬的情况下,会如何因个人对风险的承受度影响其是否要冒风险获得较高的报酬,或是只接受已经确定的收入,放弃冒风险可能得到的较高报酬。 确定的收入与较高的报酬之间的差,即为风险溢价。
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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