沙金是什么
关键字：沙金是什么
沙金是产于河流底层或低洼地带，与石沙混杂在一起，经过淘洗出来的一种含金量极高的贵金属。沙金起源于矿山，是由于金矿石露出地面，经过长期风吹雨打，岩石被风化而崩裂，金便脱离矿脉伴随泥沙顺水而下，自然沉淀在石沙中，在河流底层或砂石下面沉积为含金层，从而形成沙金。
我国的沙金分布特征是怎么样的呢？砂金矿的形成主要取决于三个因素：砂金补给源、水动力条件、地貌特点。砂金的分布严格受含金地质体的控制，“含金地质体”是砂金形成的物质基础，并直接影响其分布。所谓“含金地质体”主要有岩金矿化体，伴生金矿床（点）及含金丰度值很高的地层与岩体。
实际资料表明：一、多数砂金矿的分布与岩金矿产地密切相关 但也有少数限于其他地质条件，虽有岩金矿分布不一定都能形成砂金矿床。如小秦岭是岩金成矿区，限于地貌等条件未能形成砂金矿床。相反，在大兴安岭北部及阿尔泰等地区是砂金密布区，目前仅发现一些原生金矿点或矿化点。
二、砂金成矿区大都分布于含金丰度较高的古老基底地层及大面积侵入岩的剥蚀区。
如湖南的湘江、资水、沅江、汨罗江，江西修水、昌江、信江、新安江水系的砂金主要分布于江南古陆的板溪群、冷家溪群地层出露的地区；川西北地区的砂金矿其补给源主要来自前震旦系碧口群、志留系茂县群及中上三叠统地层，及其中的原生金矿点；两广交界一带的砂金主要分布于加里东褶皱基底震旦系与前寒武系地层中；大、小兴安岭一带的砂金主要分布于海西期岩浆岩大面积出露区。
三、大多数砂金矿床的物质来源具有多源性 例如，金盆砂金矿的物质来源主要是白垩系下统含金砾岩层，其次为二道洼群中的分散含金石英脉、侏罗系含金砾岩等多源补给。又如珲春河两岸大面积分布的中酸性岩浆岩中的含金石英脉及含金破碎蚀变带周围的伴生金矿及第三纪含金砾岩是砂金的补给来源。
四、沙金主要存在水流域经过富集形成的矿体，例如基本上所有江河都有平均含量0.01克每立方。基底的含量有的超过20克每立方。
本文来源： 大田环球贵金属
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