美联储威廉姆斯:美国已实现充分就业 建议继续逐步加息
美国旧金山联储主席威廉姆斯(John Williams)周二(1月17日)呼吁美国继续加息,以防经济过热及最终陷入衰退。他还称,美国经济已实现充分就业,未来一年失业率将在4.5%触底,同时通胀率有望在未来几年达到美联储2%的目标。
去年12月美联储曾宣布加息25个基点,同时在最新的“点阵图”(利率预期)中,决策者将对2017年的加息次数由去年9月的2次上调至3次。同时,美国当选总统特朗普(Donald Trump)已承诺,将增加基础设施和国防开支,同时降低企业和个人所得税,这可能会促进经济增长和通货膨胀上行,迫使美联储加快升息步伐。
威廉姆斯表示,“未来几年逐步升息可能是适当的做法,让货币政策在制定时能重回完全与经济水平相符的常态。如果我们等待太长时间再取消宽松货币政策,则有可能让失衡问题进一步加剧,我们恐得需进行补救,并且也没有多大操作的空间。”但他当天的演讲稿中并未提到希望升息几次。
不过,威廉姆斯也对推动经济超出自然潜在增长率的危险提出警告。近来,他表示经济的自然潜在增长率约为1.5%-1.75%,预期今明两年的增长率大约就是这个水平,并称增长过快恐有带来通胀过高和资产市场泡沫之虞,且最后难免出现修正。
威廉姆斯强调,“对于主张未来几年缓步升息,我的目的不是要拖延经济扩张。事实上正好相反:我是为了让经济保持建全的基础。”
另外,他在发表讲话后的问答环节中提到,中国经济硬着陆,以及可能为欧盟的未来带来不确定性的该地区政治风险,是他所做的预期面临的主要风险。
关于财政政策方面,威廉姆斯表示,“财政刺激措施或将提振今明两年经济增长。随着新的经济以及监管政策的出台,将对经济前景预测进行重新的评估。企业税收制度需进行改革。相较于大选前的情形,目前看来财政刺激的力度或将比预期更大。”
本文来源: 大田环球贵金属
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